Every scheduled bank has to maintain a mandatory cash balance with Bangladesh Bank (BB) against its demand and time liabilities. This is called Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) or Cash Reserve Requirement.
The main liability of a bank is deposit. The other liability items are provision, subordinated bond, accrued expense etc.
For monetary policy purpose, these liabilities of banks are divided into two parts:
Presently, the required CRR is 5.50% on bi-weekly average basis and minimum 5.00% on daily basis1. It means that the average CRR maintained by a bank in every two weeks must not be less than 5.50% of its demand and time liabilities and in any day CRR must not be less than 5.00% of its demand and time liabilities. Bangladesh Bank may change the required CRR from time to time.
At present, banks are allowed to maintain cash reserve with local currency (Taka) only. The balance of a bank in taka current account with Bangladesh Bank is considered as cash reserve.
Every scheduled bank has to maintain assets in cash or gold or in the form of un-encumbered approved securities against its liabilities. This is called Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR).
The required SLR is 13% daily for conventional banks and 5.5% daily for Islamic Shari'ah based banks and Islamic Shari'ah based banking of conventional banks2.
The eligible components for maintaining Statutory Liquidity Reserve are:
Cash in tills (both local and foreign currency)
Gold
Daily excess reserve (excess of Cash Reserve) maintained with BB
Balance maintained with the agent bank of BB
Un-encumbered approved securities (Government bills, Government bonds etc.)
Credit balance in Foreign Currency Clearing Account maintained with BB.
The main objective of CRR/SLR is to control money supply by central bank
It increases solvency of banks. CRR/SLR reserves can be used to make payment against the liabilities by a bank in the extreme case when it is running out of fund but cannot manage it from other sources.
1MPD Circular No. 1 dated 03 April 2018
2MPD Circular No. 2 dated 10 December 2013
3DOS Circular No. 1 dated 19 January 2014
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